Acute or Recurrent Anteroinferior Glenohumeral Instability - Revision history

Alexandre.laedermann at 22:03, 27 January 2020

2020-01-27T22:03:26Z

Show changes

Alexandre.laedermann: /* Pull-out */

2020-01-03T21:32:30Z

Pull-out

Alexandre.laedermann: /* Dislocation Arthropathy */

2020-01-03T21:28:37Z

Dislocation Arthropathy

Alexandre.laedermann: /* Dislocation Arthropathy */

2020-01-03T21:28:04Z

Dislocation Arthropathy

Alexandre.laedermann: /* Dislocation Arthropathy */

2020-01-03T21:26:42Z

Dislocation Arthropathy

Alexandre.laedermann: /* Dislocation Arthropathy */

2020-01-03T21:24:20Z

Dislocation Arthropathy

Alexandre.laedermann: /* Complication due to harvesting process of the iliac crest */

2020-01-03T21:23:53Z

Complication due to harvesting process of the iliac crest

Alexandre.laedermann: /* Remodeling of the Graft With Bone Block Procedure */

2020-01-03T21:19:34Z

Remodeling of the Graft With Bone Block Procedure

Alexandre.laedermann: /* Remodeling of the Graft With Bone Block Procedure */

2020-01-03T21:19:01Z

Remodeling of the Graft With Bone Block Procedure

Alexandre.laedermann: /* Remodeling of the Graft With Bone Block Procedure */

2020-01-03T21:16:40Z

Remodeling of the Graft With Bone Block Procedure

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 While the precise cause is unknown, surgery in patients older than 40 years of age, a prolonged period between the initial dislocation and surgery and a lateral overhang of the transferred coracoid process in relation to the glenoid rim have been identified as risk factors. Contrarily, hyperlaxity was observed to be a protective factor against development of a dislocation arthropathy, which may be explained by the lower glenohumeral contact pressures.<ref>Lädermann A, Lubbeke A, Stern R, Cunningham G, Bellotti V, Gazielly DF. Risk factors for dislocation arthropathy after Latarjet procedure: a long-term study. International orthopaedics 2013;37:1093-8.</ref>
-=== Pull-out ===
+===Pull-out===
-Anchor (Bankart repair) or screw (Latarjet, Bristow, free graft tranfer) pull-out may happen (Figure).<br />
+Anchor (Bankart repair) or screw (Latarjet, Bristow, free graft transfer) pull-out may happen (Figure).
 ==References==
 <references />

@@ Line 541: / Line 541: @@
 Even if the development of dislocation arthropathy is concerning (around 30%) (Figure), it is rather associated with the disease rather than to the surgery itself.
 [[File:1562557685288-lg.jpg|center|thumb|600x600px|Figure. 43 A) Anteroposterior plain radiographs of a left shoulder in a 32 year-old woman presenting with recurrent dislocations. Dislocation arthropathy Samilson B is obvious. B) CT scan of the same shoulder demonstrates significant glenoid and humeral bone loss.]]
-While the precise cause is unknown, surgery in patients older than 40 years of age, a prolonged period between the initial dislocation and surgery and a lateral overhang of the transferred coracoid process in relation to the glenoid rim have been identified as risk factors. Contrarily, hyperlaxity was observed to be a protective factor against development of a dislocation arthropathy, which may be explained by the lower glenohumeral contact pressures.
+While the precise cause is unknown, surgery in patients older than 40 years of age, a prolonged period between the initial dislocation and surgery and a lateral overhang of the transferred coracoid process in relation to the glenoid rim have been identified as risk factors. Contrarily, hyperlaxity was observed to be a protective factor against development of a dislocation arthropathy, which may be explained by the lower glenohumeral contact pressures.<ref>Lädermann A, Lubbeke A, Stern R, Cunningham G, Bellotti V, Gazielly DF. Risk factors for dislocation arthropathy after Latarjet procedure: a long-term study. International orthopaedics 2013;37:1093-8.</ref>
 === Pull-out ===

@@ Line 538: / Line 538: @@
 ===Dislocation Arthropathy===
 Another complication is the development of dislocation arthropathy with a rate similar to other type of procedures(Figure).<ref>Hovelius LK, Sandstrom BC, Rosmark DL, Saebo M, Sundgren KH, Malmqvist BG. Long-term results with the Bankart and Bristow-Latarjet procedures: recurrent shoulder instability and arthropathy. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2001;10:445-52.</ref>
-[[File:1562557685456-lg.jpg|center|thumb|300x300px|Figure. 41 Illustration of the three stage of dislocation arthropathy according to Samilson. Courtesy of Gilles Walch.]]
+[[File:1562557685456-lg.jpg|center|thumb|300x300px|Figure. 42 Illustration of the three stage of dislocation arthropathy according to Samilson. Courtesy of Gilles Walch.]]
 Even if the development of dislocation arthropathy is concerning (around 30%) (Figure), it is rather associated with the disease rather than to the surgery itself.
-<br />
+. Lädermann A, Lubbeke A, Stern R, Cunningham G, Bellotti V, Gazielly DF. Risk factors for dislocation arthropathy after Latarjet procedure: a long-term study. International orthopaedics 2013;37:1093-8.
 ==References==
 <references />

@@ Line 537: / Line 537: @@
 ===Dislocation Arthropathy===
-Another complication is the development of dislocation arthropathy with a rate similar to other type of procedures(Figure).<ref>Hovelius LK, Sandstrom BC, Rosmark DL, Saebo M, Sundgren KH, Malmqvist BG. Long-term results with the Bankart and Bristow-Latarjet procedures: recurrent shoulder instability and arthropathy. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2001;10:445-52.</ref><br />
+Another complication is the development of dislocation arthropathy with a rate similar to other type of procedures(Figure).<ref>Hovelius LK, Sandstrom BC, Rosmark DL, Saebo M, Sundgren KH, Malmqvist BG. Long-term results with the Bankart and Bristow-Latarjet procedures: recurrent shoulder instability and arthropathy. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2001;10:445-52.</ref>
 ==References==
 <references />

@@ Line 537: / Line 537: @@
 ===Dislocation Arthropathy===
-Another complication is the development of dislocation arthropathy with a rate similar to other type of procedures(Figure).
+Another complication is the development of dislocation arthropathy with a rate similar to other type of procedures(Figure).<ref>Hovelius LK, Sandstrom BC, Rosmark DL, Saebo M, Sundgren KH, Malmqvist BG. Long-term results with the Bankart and Bristow-Latarjet procedures: recurrent shoulder instability and arthropathy. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2001;10:445-52.</ref><br />
 ==References==
 <references />

@@ Line 530: / Line 530: @@
 [[File:1562557690817-lg.jpg|center|thumb|600x600px|Figure 41. Three-dimensional computer tomography reconstruction displaying an erosion-type defect (type III) before surgery (Figure 3a), immediately after reconstruction using a free iliac crest autograft (Figure 3b) and one year postoperatively (Figure 3c) after completion of the remodeling with restoration of the anatomical glenoid configuration. Reproduced from Lädermann et al., with permission.]]
 ===Complication due to harvesting process of the iliac crest===
-In comparison to the coracoid transfer procedure, free bone grafting techniques offer the advantage with potentially less severe complications. Complications of autologous bone grafting are predominantly associated with the harvesting process of the iliac crest bone block including pain, hypoesthesia and hematoma observed in 0-13% of the patients. Attempting to reduce donor site morbidity, current studies are evaluating the use of allogeneic bone material as an alternative to autografts. Further complications reported after open autologous iliac crest bone grafting comprise hardware failure (0-4%), shoulder hematoma (0-4%), subscapularis insufficiency (0-3%), graft fracture (0-2%), infection (0-2%) and adhesive capsulitis (0-2%).
+In comparison to the coracoid transfer procedure, free bone grafting techniques offer the advantage with potentially less severe complications. Complications of autologous bone grafting are predominantly associated with the harvesting process of the iliac crest bone block including pain, hypoesthesia and hematoma observed in 0-13% of the patients. Attempting to reduce donor site morbidity, current studies are evaluating the use of allogeneic bone material as an alternative to autografts. Further complications reported after open autologous iliac crest bone grafting comprise hardware failure (0-4%), shoulder hematoma (0-4%), subscapularis insufficiency (0-3%), graft fracture (0-2%), infection (0-2%) and adhesive capsulitis (0-2%).<ref>Auffarth A, Schauer J, Matis N, Kofler B, Hitzl W, Resch H. The J-bone graft for anatomical glenoid reconstruction in recurrent posttraumatic anterior shoulder dislocation. Am J Sports Med 2008;36:638-47.</ref><ref>Deml C, Kaiser P, van Leeuwen WF, Zitterl M, Euler SA. The J-Shaped Bone Graft for Anatomic Glenoid Reconstruction: A 10-Year Clinical Follow-up and Computed Tomography-Osteoabsorptiometry Study. Am J Sports Med 2016;44:2778-83.</ref><ref>Scheibel M, Nikulka C, Dick A, Schroeder RJ, Gerber Popp A, Haas NP. Autogenous bone grafting for chronic anteroinferior glenoid defects via a complete subscapularis tenotomy approach. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2008;128:1317-25.</ref><ref>Steffen V, Hertel R. Rim reconstruction with autogenous iliac crest for anterior glenoid deficiency: forty-three instability cases followed for 5-19 years. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2013;22:550-9.</ref><ref>Warner JJ, Gill TJ, O'Hollerhan J D, Pathare N, Millett PJ. Anatomical glenoid reconstruction for recurrent anterior glenohumeral instability with glenoid deficiency using an autogenous tricortical iliac crest bone graft. Am J Sports Med 2006;34:205-12.</ref>
-. Auffarth A, Schauer J, Matis N, Kofler B, Hitzl W, Resch H. The J-bone graft for anatomical glenoid reconstruction in recurrent posttraumatic anterior shoulder dislocation. Am J Sports Med 2008;36:638-47.
+An investigation of 6449 patients reported an overall donor site morbidity rate of 19.4% after iliac crest bone harvesting including infections, chronic pain, fractures and nerve injuries at the harvesting site.<ref>Dimitriou R, Mataliotakis GI, Angoules AG, Kanakaris NK, Giannoudis PV. Complications following autologous bone graft harvesting from the iliac crest and using the RIA: a systematic review. Injury 2011;42 Suppl 2:S3-15.</ref>
-. Deml C, Kaiser P, van Leeuwen WF, Zitterl M, Euler SA. The J-Shaped Bone Graft for Anatomic Glenoid Reconstruction: A 10-Year Clinical Follow-up and Computed Tomography-Osteoabsorptiometry Study. Am J Sports Med 2016;44:2778-83.
+The currently published studies evaluating arthroscopic autologous iliac crest bone grafting reported a singular case of donor site morbidity and one case of graft fracture in the 30 patients treated.<ref>Anderl W, Pauzenberger L, Laky B, Kriegleder B, Heuberer PR. Arthroscopic Implant-Free Bone Grafting for Shoulder Instability With Glenoid Bone Loss: Clinical and Radiological Outcome at a Minimum 2-Year Follow-up. Am J Sports Med 2016;44:1137-45.</ref><ref>Kraus N, Amphansap T, Gerhardt C, Scheibel M. Arthroscopic anatomic glenoid reconstruction using an autologous iliac crest bone grafting technique. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2014;23:1700-8.</ref>
 ===Dislocation Arthropathy===

@@ Line 515: / Line 515: @@
 <br />
-=== Arthroscopic Bone Block Procedures ===
+===Arthroscopic Bone Block Procedures===
 Similarly, very good short-term results are achieved after arthroscopic glenoid rim reconstruction without events of postoperative redislocation and the advantage of subscapularis muscle preservation.<ref>Anderl W, Pauzenberger L, Laky B, Kriegleder B, Heuberer PR. Arthroscopic Implant-Free Bone Grafting for Shoulder Instability With Glenoid Bone Loss: Clinical and Radiological Outcome at a Minimum 2-Year Follow-up. Am J Sports Med 2016;44:1137-45.</ref><ref>Kraus N, Amphansap T, Gerhardt C, Scheibel M. Arthroscopic anatomic glenoid reconstruction using an autologous iliac crest bone grafting technique. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2014;23:1700-8.</ref>
@@ Line 524: / Line 524: @@
 A slightly reduced percentage of graft non-union or postoperative graft migration (8.1%), hardware problems (2.3%), instability (1.7%) and nerve injury (0.6%) was recorded, while the rate of osteolysis (4.1%) increased. Conversion to an open approach had to be conducted in 3.5% of the surgeries. However, a smaller number of cases conducted by fewer surgeons is available for evaluation of the arthroscopic approach. Larger case numbers by different surgeons and long-term results are therefore required to validate these first positive outcomes.<ref>Butt U, Charalambous CP. Arthroscopic coracoid transfer in the treatment of recurrent shoulder instability: a systematic review of early results. Arthroscopy 2013;29:774-9.</ref>
-=== Remodeling of the Graft With Bone Block Procedure ===
+===Remodeling of the Graft With Bone Block Procedure===
 Regardless of the bone grafting technique employed, whether an implant-free or screw-based fixation method, a remodeling process according to Wolff’s law is observed with successful reconstruction of the anatomical pear-shaped glenoid configuration. Approximately 60% of the entire coracoid graft has been observed to undergo osteolysis. The superficial part of the proximal coracoid is predominantly affected, while the deep portion of the distal coracoid aspect showed the least osteolysis and best osseous union.<ref>Di Giacomo G, Costantini A, de Gasperis N, et al. Coracoid graft osteolysis after the Latarjet procedure for anteroinferior shoulder instability: a computed tomography scan study of twenty-six patients. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2011;20:989-95.</ref>
-For the free bone grafting procedures, a partial extra-articular resorption of the initially oversized glenoid reconstruction may lead to restoration of the anatomic glenoid configuration over time in terms of a remodeling process (Figure).<ref>Moroder P, Hirzinger C, Lederer S, et al. Restoration of anterior glenoid bone defects in posttraumatic recurrent anterior shoulder instability using the J-bone graft shows anatomic graft remodeling. Am J Sports Med 2012;40:1544-50.</ref><ref>Kraus N, Amphansap T, Gerhardt C, Scheibel M. Arthroscopic anatomic glenoid reconstruction using an autologous iliac crest bone grafting technique. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2014;23:1700-8.</ref><br />
+For the free bone grafting procedures, a partial extra-articular resorption of the initially oversized glenoid reconstruction may lead to restoration of the anatomic glenoid configuration over time in terms of a remodeling process (Figure).<ref>Moroder P, Hirzinger C, Lederer S, et al. Restoration of anterior glenoid bone defects in posttraumatic recurrent anterior shoulder instability using the J-bone graft shows anatomic graft remodeling. Am J Sports Med 2012;40:1544-50.</ref><ref>Kraus N, Amphansap T, Gerhardt C, Scheibel M. Arthroscopic anatomic glenoid reconstruction using an autologous iliac crest bone grafting technique. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2014;23:1700-8.</ref>
 ==References==
 <references />